THE SYSTEMIC IMPACT OF SMOKING ON VARIOUS BODY SYSTEMS: A REVIEW OF RECENT EVIDENCE

Author Name: 1. Mohammad Fayeque, Afjal Khan, Akeel Khan, Farhan Khan, Sameer Khilji, Sameer Khan, Sohil Khan, Zeeshan Akhtar, 2. Sunidhi Bakshi, Surendra Singh Gurjar

Volume/Issue: 05/06

Country: Kazakhstan

DOI NO.: 08.2020-25662434 DOI Link: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/11.2024-66936819/UIJIR

Affiliation:

1. General Medicine Student (Group 3007a), Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
2. Department of Morphology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.

ABSTRACT

Tobacco use, despite its long-known health risks, remains a pervasive public health issue globally. This review examines the historical context of tobacco, its widespread use, and its systemic effects on various body systems, with a particular focus on recent studies published between 2013 and 2023. Smoking contributes significantly to the development of respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular conditions, gastrointestinal cancers, and reproductive health complications. Emerging tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes, present additional health risks, though long-term effects remain under-researched. Smoking cessation is critical for mitigating these risks, with evidence showing recovery in many systems post-cessation, though some damage, particularly to lung and cardiovascular health, may be irreversible. This article underscores the importance of robust public health strategies aimed at both smoking prevention and cessation, while emphasizing the need for further research into the long-term health effects of alternative tobacco products.

Key words: Smoking; Tobacco-related illnesses; Nicotine, Carcinogens; Psychoactive compounds.