SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES: A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE WITH A FOCUS ON INDIA

Author Name: Dr. Naveen Pareek

Volume/Issue: 05/11

Country: India

DOI NO.: 11.2023-61555522 DOI Link: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2025-84137938/UIJIR

Affiliation:

1. Professor cum Vice Principal, Ramsnehi College of Nursing, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India

ABSTRACT

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also referred to as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are a significant public health issue globally and particularly in developing nations such as India. These infections are caused by a variety of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and ectoparasites, and are primarily transmitted through sexual contact. Globally, over one million people acquire an STI every day, with serious long-term consequences on reproductive, maternal, and neonatal health. Infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, trichomoniasis, HIV, hepatitis B, and HPV account for the majority of the disease burden. Key risk factors include multiple sexual partners, unprotected sex, and limited access to healthcare, with vulnerable groups including adolescents, sex workers, migrant laborers, and men who have sex with men. In India, despite efforts through national STD control programs, a large proportion of cases remain undiagnosed and untreated, especially in rural and marginalized populations. The article highlights the epidemiology, clinical features, risk factors, transmission modes, and prevention strategies related to STDs. A comprehensive approach involving health education, safe sexual practices, early diagnosis, accessible treatment, and supportive services is essential to control the spread of STDs and reduce their long-term health and social impacts.

Key words: Sexually transmitted diseases, STDs, public health, India, prevention, nursing role.