A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON GLOBAL AND REGIONAL PREVALENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)

Author Name: 1.Yahya Chhadat, 2. Arpita Pancholi

Volume/Issue: 06/02

Country: India

DOI NO.: 08.2020-25662434 DOI Link: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2025-59631535/UIJIR

Affiliation:

1. Clinical instructor, Parul Institute of Nursing, Vadodara, India.
2. Associate Professor & HOD of Mental Health Nursing Department, Parul Institute of Nursing, Vadodara,

ABSTRACT

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality and is projected to become the third leading cause of death worldwide. Characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and irreversible airflow obstruction, COPD often goes underdiagnosed, especially in low- and middle-income nations. Despite advancements in medical therapies, diagnosis and comprehensive treatment strategies remain insufficient in many settings. This systematic review synthesizes global data from 1990 to 2021 to assess COPD prevalence, analyze major risk factors, and evaluate diagnosis and management trends. The review identifies substantial variation in prevalence—from 1.5% in asymptomatic smokers to over 20% in high-risk populations—and underscores common risk factors such as tobacco use, environmental pollutants, occupational exposure, and aging. Furthermore, the review emphasizes gaps in early diagnosis and the widespread underuse of pulmonary rehabilitation programs. These insights call for proactive healthcare initiatives, widespread screening protocols, and robust public health campaigns to mitigate the burden of COPD worldwide.

Key words: COPD