PRESIDENTIAL AND PARLIAMENTARY FORM OF GOVERNMENT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Author Name: 1. Dr. Kshetrapal Singh, 2. Mr. Navneet Solanki

Volume/Issue: 05/04

Country: India

DOI NO.: 08.2020-25662434 DOI Link: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/09.2024-87494266/UIJIR

Affiliation:

1. Principal, Dr. Anushka Vidhi Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
2. Visiting Faculty, University College of Law, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

ABSTRACT

The evolution of human society has been a witness to varied governmental structures that have shaped their existence from anarchical States to democratic States. Today, after immemorial epochs of political restructuring humankind consenting to harmonious existence has adopted a democratic form of government as their ‘to-go’ governmental structure. With the continuous passage of time, people-centric governments have survived the dawn of the new age. Today, the government is characterized not just as an organization is accountable for administration of the State but as an entity that is transparent and accountable for the welfare of the people and the State collectively. In a contemporary government, features such as being democratic, socialist, republic, and secular are being sought; which are found under both presidential and parliamentary forms of government. However, these two governments share a common basis of democracy but are considerably distinct in their structure, power distribution, and functioning. In a presidential system, the executive is typically led by a president, is separate from the legislative branch. The president is elected independently of the legislature and serves as both the head of state and government. This system often provides for a strong and fixed executive with a fixed term in office, ensuring stability but potentially leading to gridlock if the executive and legislature are controlled by different parties. In contrast, a parliamentary system integrates the executive with the legislative branch. The head of government, often a prime minister, is usually the leader of the majority party in the legislature. This system promotes a closer connection between the executive and the legislature, allowing for smoother lawmaking but potentially leading to instability if the ruling party loses majority support.

Key words: Government, Democracy, Parliament, Presidential, Parliamentarian